LEP -2548G>A Polymorphism of the Leptin Gene and Its Influence on the Lipid Profile in Obese Individuals.

BACKGROUND/AIM: We studied the molecular pathogenesis of obesity, involving complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors, with a focus on the leptin gene. It was our aim to characterize the LEP -2548G>A leptin polymorphism and lipid profile in obese and normal-weight individuals. METHODS: A total of 212 individuals were divided into the study group including 136 obese patients (body mass index, BMI≥30) and the control group with 76 normal-weight individuals (BMI>18.5 and ≤24.9). DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The lipid profile was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric methods. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was a prevalence of the GA genotype in both groups. However, comparative group analysis showed an association of the recessive model (AA+GA) with increased triglycerides (TG) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the study group. CONCLUSION: This study did not confirm an association between obesity and the LEP -2548G>A polymorphism. However, AA+GA genotypes, in the presence of obesity, seem to contribute to a reduction in HDL-C and an increase in TG compared with normal-weight individuals. This should be confirmed in further studies.

[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome using NCEP-ATPIII and IDF definitions in Brazilian individuals]. / Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em indivíduos brasileiros pelos critérios de NCEP-ATPIII e IDF.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biochemical profile and to characterize metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with cardiologic medical assistance using NCEP-ATPIII and IDF definitions. METHODS: Two hundred patients and 140 controls were studied, considering total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDLc), LDL-cholesterol (LDLc), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDLc), triglycerides (TG), fasting glycemia, abdominal waist and hypertension. Significance level was defined as P<0.05. RESULTS: Patients showed increased glycemia levels (103+/-31.4 mg/dL) and reduced HDLc levels (48+/-13.4 mg/dL) when compared to controls (88+/-29.7 mg/dL, P<0.0001 and 53+/-15.9 mg/dL, P=0.0075; respectively). Male controls 31-50 years old showed increased TC levels (215+/-40.4 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol (134+/-34 mg/dL), VLDL-cholesterol (30+/-11.8 mg/dL) and TG (150+/-59.4 mg/dL) when compared to women (185+/-38.2 mg/dL, P=0.0137; 111+/-35.8 mg/dL; P=0.0324; 19+/-9.7 mg/dL; P=0.0009; 93+/-49 mg/dL, P=0.0010; respectively). Women over 50 years of age showed increased TC concentrations (216+/-35.9 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (54+/-12.8 mg/dL) and LDL-cholesterol (138+/-30.8 mg/dL) when compared to men (190+/-44.7 mg/dL, P=0.0103; 47+/-14.5 mg/dL, P=0.0229; 119+/-33.3 mg/dL; P=0.0176; respectively). NCEP-ATPIII and IDF definitions had characterized MS in 35.5% and 46% of patients, respectively, bolding glycemia, TG and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Elevated glycemia levels and reduced HDLc levels were detected in patients. Altered lipid profile observed in men 31-50 years old signals higher risk for cardiovascular diseases in young adults, while a similar profile in aged women can reflect hormonal physiological changes. Both definitions for MS diagnosis discriminate patients from controls, especially IDF, sometimes with lower capacity to determine high risk for cardiovascular complications. The high prevalence of MS in patients, even with cardiologic medical assistance, suggests predisposition for cardiovascular manifestations in Brazilian individuals.

Epidemiologia e saúde: prevalência das lesões musculares esqueléticas (LME) esportivas em instituições cíveis e militares (Exército Brasileiro) da cidade de João Pessoa / Epidemiology and health: prevalence of the sporting skeletal muscular lesions (SML) in civil and military institutions (Brazilian Army) of João Pessoa City

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a prevalência de lesões musculares esqueléticas (LME) a partir do relato médico. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, não-probabilístico, amostra de 10 médicos cíveis e militares que atendem em média 03 clínicas. A coleta de dados iniciou-se pela visita às clínicas e aplicação do instrumento que foi um questionário. A análise estatística utilizou pacote SPSS, para média, desvio padrão, percentual relativo e acumulativo. Os resultados encontraram: 40,0% ortopedistas traumatologistas; 40,0% dos atendidos entre 19 a 24 e 40,0%, 25 a 30 anos; desporto de maior nº de atendimentos: 100% futebol, 70,0% voleibol; tipo de LME: 30,0% entorses do tornozelo e 30,0% fratura; segmento mais acometido: tornozelo 60,0% e joelho 40,0%; afastamento para o tratamento: 50,0% 3 semanas; afastamento definitivo da prática: 90,0% se afasta 10%; 30,0% das LME são provocadas por falta de estrutura física para o tipo de esforço; 50,0% das LME acontecem na quadra descoberta. O coeficiente médio da prevalência encontrou 185,88 casos para LME esportivas de acordo com um mês de investigação. O futebol é o desporto que mais destina praticantes às clínicas e o tornozelo é o segmento mais afetado, sendo a entorse uma das LME mais freqüentes, ocorrendo nas quadras externas.

The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of skeletal muscular lesions (SML) starting from the medical report. It has been carried out a descriptive, nonprobabilistic, sample of 10 civil and military doctors that assist 03 clinics on the average. The collection of data began by visiting the clinics the application of the instrument, a questionnaire. The statistical analysis used SPSS package, for average, standard deviation, relative and accumulative percentile. The results found 40.0% of traumathologist orthopeadist; 40.0% of those assisted are between 19 to 24 and 40.0% 25 to 30 years-old; sports of larger no. of attendances: 100.0% soccer; 70.0% volleyball; type of SML: 30.0% ankle sprains, 30.0% fracture; I segment attacked: ankle 60,0% and knee 40,0%; average of removal for treatment: 50.0% 3 weeks; 90.0% stand back 10%; 30,0% of SML are provoked by lack of physical structure for the type of effort; 50.0% mention that SML happens on uncovered court. The medium coefficient of the prevalence found a of 185.88 cases for sporting SML in agreement with a month of investigation. Soccer is the sport that more it destines apprentices to the clinics and the ankle is the most affected segment, being the strain one of most frequent SML, happening in the external blocks.